Muchetura Phthalates muSealants: Yakavanzika Njodzi uye Iyo Push Yezvinhu Zvakachengeteka Zvekuvaka

Zvinamiso zvinowanika kwose kwose mudzimba, muzvikoro, uye munzvimbo dzebasa, asi hazviwanzopinda mupfungwa dzevanhu vakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo dzichisangana maererano nemararamiro ezuva nezuva, zvinhu izvi zvisingashamisiri zvinogona kukanganisa kunaka kwemweya wemukati nemagariro evanhu-.

Mukuvaka zvivakwa, zvisimbiso zvinoshanda chinangwa chakakomba: kuvhara mapundu uye kudzora kuyerera kwemhepo, basa rakatonyanya kukosha mukati medambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvisinei nekushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira, zvisimbiso zvakawanda zvine makemikari ane njodzi senge isocyanates uye phthalates. Aya ma semi-anopenga makomboni anogona kubvisa-gasi kubva kumasealant nekufamba kwenguva, kusvibisa mhepo yemumba uye kugara muhuruva yemumba.

Phthalates inozivikanwa kuvhiringa chiyero chehomoni yemuviri uye inosanganiswa nekukuvadza pakuzvara. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe maphthalates akarambidzwa muzvigadzirwa zvevana kumubatanidzwa wenyika uye mumatunhu akaita seWashington, California, neVermont, mapoka ari munjodzi{1}}kusanganisira vana nevanhu vane pamuviri-vachiri kuratidzwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakawanda, kusanganisira zvekuvakisa zvakajairika sezvinamiso.

Parizvino, Dhipatimendi reWashington reEcology riri kuisa pamberi mutemo wekurambidza phthalates muvinyl pasi uye zvinonhuhwirira muzvinhu zvekuchengeta munhu. Zvidzidzo zveSainzi zvakasimbisa kuti mhepo yemukati neguruva remumba inzira huru dzekuratidzwa kwephthalate, zvichiita kuti mirairo iyi ive nhanho yakakosha mukuderedza kukuvadzwa.

Tichiziva njodzi dzinounzwa nemaphthalates uye basa rinoitwa nemidziyo yekuvakisa mukufumura vanhu kune chepfu iyi, Toxic-Free Future yakashanda pamwe neHealthy Building Network neEcology Center yekuMichigan muna 2021 na2022 kuita ongororo yephthalate pamasealant. Ichi chirongwa chinovaka pabasa rekare neEcology Center uye vamwe vanobatirana navo kubvisa phthalates kubva mukutengesa vinyl pasi uye inotsigira kuenderera mberi kwekutonga muWashington state.

Pachidzidzo chitsva ichi, chikwata chakatenga nekuongorora zvinhu makumi matatu nematatu ekunamisa{1}kusanganisira polyurethane, silicone, uye acrylic latex marudzi-anowanzo shandiswa mukuvaka nekugadzirisa, izvo zvaifungidzirwa kuti zvine phthalates. Vashandi vepaEcology Center vakashandisa Fourier{4}transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer kuona phthalates, uye kumwe kuedzwa kwemurabhoritari kwakaiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvakaonekwa kuti zvine phthalates.

Zviwanikwa zvakaratidza kuti zvitanhatu kubva pa33 zvakaongororwa zvivhariso zvaive nemafuta akawandisa ephthalates{{1}kusvika pagumi nembiri kubva muzana-kusanganisira zvese diisonyl phthalate (DINP) uye diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). Zvikurukuru, maphthalates ainyanya kuwanikwa mu "silane modified polymer" sealants: zvishanu kubva kune zvinomwe zvisimbiso zvakadaro zvakaedzwa. Zvakakosha, zvigadzirwa makumi maviri nenomwe zvakasara zvaive zvisina phthalates inooneka, zvichiratidza kuti dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka dzatovepo.

Vazhinji vagadziri vezvisimbiso vakatomira kushandisa phthalates, uye zvakakosha kuti zvese sealants zvigadzirwe pasina aya makemikari anokuvadza. Dzimwe nzira dzakachengetedzeka pane phthalate{{1}dzine zvinosimbisa zviriko, zvakaita sesodium silicate caulk uye pre-compressed polyurethane joint seals.

Mufananidzo Mukuru: Zvivako Zvine Utano Zvinoenderana Nezvinhu Zvine Utano

Toxic Building Materials Extended Beyond Sealants

Sealants ingori muenzaniso wezvivakwa zvekuvaka zvine chepfu, zvichikonzera kushata kwemweya wemukati uye njodzi dzehutano. Kubva kupende nekuisa pasi kusvika pakuvharisa, zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuvakisa zvinowanzo sanganisira makemikari anogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu-uye mune zvese, dzimwe nzira dzisina njodzi dziripo.

Vagari Dzimba Dzinotengeka Vanotarisana Nekuratidzwa Kwakashata

Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti mutoro wezvinhu zvekuvaka zvine muchetura haugovanwe zvakaenzana. Vagari vedzimba dzinodhura vanofumurwa zvisina mwero, sezvo mayunitsi aya achiwanzo vakwa pachishandiswa zvinhu zvakachipa zvinogona kunge zvine muchetura wepamusoro-zvichiisa hutano hwevagari panjodzi.

Kunze kwekunyanya kuratidzwa kuburikidza nedzimba dzavo, vagari vedzimba dzinodhura zvakare vanotapukirwa nekukuvadzwa kwemakemikari ane chepfu. Mumushumo pamusoro pekuwanda kwedzimba dzinodhura dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzeSuperfund, Shriver Center on Poverty Law inoti: "Mhuri dzinosvika miriyoni mashanu dzinogara mudzimba dzinobatsirwa nehurumende dzinosanganisira vanhu vari panjodzi yekukuvadzwa nemuchetura wezvakatipoteredza." Izvi zvinosanganisira nhamba huru dzevana, vanhu vakaremara, vakura, uye nharaunda dzeVatema neLatin.

Zvivako zvekuvakisa zvine muchetura zvine-kukanganisa kwenguva refu, kunyanya mudzimba dzinodhura. Somuenzaniso, kunyange zvazvo pendi yomutobvu yakarambidzwa muna 1978, ichiri kukuvadza vana vanogara mudzimba dzisingadhuri nhasi. Vana vanopfuura 90 000 vari muHousing Choice Voucher (Chikamu 8) vanotambura nemuchetura wemutobvu, unokonzera kukanganisa zvachose mukukura kweuropi.

Ino Ndiyo Nguva Yemitemo Inoraira Zvivako Zvakachengeteka Zvekuvaka

Kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu nekuchengetedzeka, zvekuvakisa zvinofanirwa kunge zvisina makemikari ane chepfu. Masangano akaita seEnterprise Green Communities neHealthy Building Network, pamwe chete nezvirongwa zvehurumende zvakaita seSafer Products for Washington (SPW), vanga vari pamberi mumusangano wezvekuvakisa zvakachengeteka. Enterprise Green Communities inotsigira zvinhu zvine hutano mukuvandudza kwedzimba, kuona phthalates mumasealants uye humwe muchetura muzvivakwa zvekuvaka sekunetseka kwakanyanya kwehutano. Sangano rakagadzira maitiro ayo vavaki munyika yose vanogona kusangana kuti vawane mvumo yekushandisa zvinhu zvakachengeteka mudzimba dzinodhura.

Iyo Healthy Building Network inoshandawo kubvisa makemikari ane chepfu mumidziyo yekuvakisa, ichiita tsvakiridzo yakakura pamusoro penjodzi dzemakemikari uye dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka. Yayo Yemahara Yechigadzirwa Guidance inoisa zviyero zvekuvaka pachiyero kubva kutsvuku kusvika kugirinhi zvichibva padanho rengozi yezviri mukati uye inopa sarudzo dzakachengeteka, ichipa sosi yakakosha kune chero munhu ari kutsvaga zvekuvaka zvine hutano.

Mudunhu reWashington, Toxic-Free Future yakakurudzira kuti pave nezvirambidzo zvakasimba pamakemikari ane muchetura, asi Department of Commerce yatadza kudzivirira zvakakwana vagari vedzimba dzinodhura neshanduro yaro yeEnterprise standards. Zvirongwa zvakaita seZvakachengeteka Zvigadzirwa zveWashington zviri kutorawo danho pane chepfu senge phthalates mune zvekuvaka. Makore mashanu ega ega, Dhipatimendi reWashington reEcology rinoronga seti yemakemikari ane muchetura, kurambidza kana kudzikisira kuvepo kwavo muzvigadzirwa zvevatengi. Ichi chirongwa chitsva chinochengetedza vanhu nemhoteredzo nekudzora zviuru zvemakemikari uye zvigadzirwa zvavanoonekwa mazviri. Nepo Dhipatimendi reEcology pakutanga raitarisa kurambidza maphthalates muvinyl flooring, rinofanira kuwedzera zvirambidzo izvi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvekuvaka hazvina makemikari anokuvadza. Tichifunga nezvekuvapo kwemaphthalates mukuyedzwa kwedu kwechisimbiso, Dhipatimendi reEcology rinofanira kurambidza phthalates mumasealants muchikamu chayo chinotevera chemirairo.

Maketani Ekuvandudza Kumba Anofanirwa Kurambidza Phthalates muSealants

Kuedza kwedu kutsva kunoratidza kudiwa kwechimbichimbi kwecheni dzekuvandudza dzimba dzakaita seThe Home Depot neLowe's kurambidza ortho-phthalates nemamwe makemikari ane chepfu muzvinamiso. Vese vatengesi vakatoratidza hutungamiriri nekubvisa phthalates muvinyl pasi; vanofanira kuvakira padanho iri nekubvisa maphthalates kubva mumasealant nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa zvekuvaka, izvo-sezvakaita pasi-zvinogona kusvibisa nharaunda dzemukati. Vatengesi ava vanofanirawo kuona kuti zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoratidzwa zvakachengeteka, zvinosangana nemazinga akadai seGreenScreen Benchmark 2 kana ChemFORWARD C maitiro kana kupfuura.

Wese munhu anokodzera nzvimbo dzine hutano dzekugara nekushanda. Ino ndiyo nguva yekuvaka pamitemo yenyika senge Enterprise Green Communities kuona kuti dzimba dzinodhura dzakachengeteka uye dzine hutano kune vese vagari. Vatengesi vakaita seThe Home Depot neLowe vakatoratidza kuti dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka dziripo nekubvisa phthalates muvinyl pasi, uye vanofanirwa kuramba vachirambidza chepfu mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa. MuWashington state, Dhipatimendi reEcology rinofanira kushandisa Safer Zvigadzirwa zveWashington chirongwa kurambidza makemikari ane muchetura mune zvese zvekuvaka.